The Federalist Papers

Alexander Hamilton	James Madison	John Jay

The Federalist

The text of this version is primarily taken from the first collected 1788 “McLean edition”, but spelling and punctuation have been modernized, and some glaring errors — mainly printer’s lapses — have been corrected. The main heads have also been taken from that edition and a few later ones, except where the head was something like “The Same Subject Continued” we have repeated the previous heading and appended “(continued)”, so that each document can better stand alone. We have been guided by the excellent edition by Jacob E. Cooke, Wesleyan University Press, 1961. The footnotes are those of the authors, except where the original edition used a variety of special typographical symbols for superscripts, we use numerals. Editors’s footnotes are indicated by being preceded by the letter “E”. The original typography used for emphasis, such as all caps or italics, has been used here. We have tried to identify the date of earliest appearance in a newspaper. The newspapers were theIndependent Journal [J], the New-York Packet [P], and the Daily Advertiser [A], all based in New York, shown preceding the date. Nos. 78-85 actually first appeared May 28, 1788, in a bound volume published by J. and A. McLean, Federalist II. We have followed the consensus of scholars on attribution of each paper to its primary author, James Madison [M], John Jay [J], or Alexander Hamilton [H], which is shown following the date.

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Contents

1	J	1787	Oct	27	H	General Introduction
2	J	1787	Oct	31	J	Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
3	J	1787	Nov	3	J	Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
4	J	1787	Nov	7	J	Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
5	J	1787	Nov	10	J	Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
6	J	1787	Nov	14	H	Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States
7	J	1787	Nov	15	H	Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States (continued) and Particular Causes Enumerated
8	P	1787	Nov	20	H	Consequences of Hostilities Between the States
9	J	1787	Nov	21	H	The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
10	A	1787	Nov	22	M	The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection (continued)
11	J	1787	Nov	24	H	The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy
12	P	1787	Nov	27	H	The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue
13	J	1787	Nov	28	H	Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government
14	P	1787	Nov	30	M	Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered
15	J	1787	Dec	1	H	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
16	P	1787	Dec	4	H	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued)
17	J	1787	Dec	5	H	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued)
18	P	1787	Dec	7	M	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued)
19	J	1787	Dec	8	M	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued)
20	P	1787	Dec	11	M	Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union (continued)
21	J	1787	Dec	12	H	Other Defects of the Present Confederation
22	P	1787	Dec	14	H	Other Defects of the Present Confederation (continued)
23	P	1787	Dec	18	H	Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union
24	J	1787	Dec	19	H	Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered
25	P	1787	Dec	21	H	Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered (continued)
26	J	1787	Dec	22	H	Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered
27	P	1787	Dec	25	H	Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered (continued)
28	J	1787	Dec	26	H	Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered (continued)
29	J	1788	Jan	9	H	Concerning the Militia
30	P	1787	Dec	28	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation
31	P	1788	Jan	1	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
32	J	1788	Jan	2	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
33	J	1788	Jan	2	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
34	J	1788	Jan	5	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
35	J	1788	Jan	5	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
36	P	1788	Jan	8	H	Concerning the General Power of Taxation (continued)
37	A	1788	Jan	11	M	Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government
38	J	1788	Jan	12	M	The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed
39	J	1788	Jan	16	M	Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles
40	P	1788	Jan	18	M	On the Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained
41	J	1788	Jan	19	M	General View of the Powers Conferred by The Constitution
42	P	1788	Jan	22	M	The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered
43	J	1788	Jan	23	M	The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered (continued)
44	P	1788	Jan	25	M	Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States
45	J	1788	Jan	26	M	Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered
46	P	1788	Jan	29	M	The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared
47	J	1788	Jan	30	M	The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts
48	P	1788	Feb	1	M	These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other
49	J	1788	Feb	2	M	Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention
50	P	1788	Feb	5	M	Periodical Appeals to the People Considered
51	J	1788	Feb	6	M	The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments
52	P	1788	Feb	8	M	The House of Representatives
53	J	1788	Feb	9	M	The House of Representatives (continued)
54	P	1788	Feb	12	M	Apportionment of Members of the House of Representatives Among the States
55	J	1788	Feb	13	M	The Total Number of the House of Representatives
56	J	1788	Feb	16	M	The Total Number of the House of Representatives (continued)
57	P	1788	Feb	19	M	The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation
58	J	1788	Feb	20	M	Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered
59	P	1788	Feb	22	H	Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members
60	J	1788	Feb	23	H	Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members (continued)
61	P	1788	Feb	26	H	Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members (continued)
62	J	1788	Feb	27	M	The Senate
63	J	1788	Mar	1	M	The Senate (continued)
64	J	1788	Mar	5	J	The Powers of the Senate
65	P	1788	Mar	7	H	The Powers of the Senate (continued)
66	J	1788	Mar	8	H	Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered
67	P	1788	Mar	11	H	The Executive Department
68	J	1788	Mar	12	H	The Mode of Electing the President
69	P	1788	Mar	14	H	The Real Character of the Executive
70	J	1788	Mar	15	H	The Executive Department Further Considered
71	P	1788	Mar	18	H	The Duration in Office of the Executive
72	J	1788	Mar	19	H	The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered
73	P	1788	Mar	21	H	The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power
74	P	1788	Mar	25	H	The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive
75	J	1788	Mar	26	H	The Treaty-Making Power of the Executive
76	P	1788	Apr	1	H	The Appointing Power of the Executive
77	J	1788	Apr	2	H	The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered
78	J	1788	Jun	14	H	The Judiciary Department
79	J	1788	Jun	18	H	The Judiciary Continued
80	J	1788	Jun	21	H	The Powers of the Judiciary
81	J	1788	Jun	25 28	H	The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority
82	J	1788	Jul	2	H	The Judiciary Continued
83	J	1788	Jul	5 9 12	H	The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury
84	J	1788	Jul Aug	16 26 9	H	Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered
85	J	1788	Aug	13 16	H	Concluding Remarks

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